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Sex ratio

Latitude Gradients and Secular Trends in Sex Ratios at Birth: Europe and North America and a Global Overview

DOI: 
10.7727/wimj.2017.093
Pages: 
Synopsis: 
The sex ratio at birth is in overall decline in Europe and North America. However, this decline has reversed in Mexico and stabilised in the United States. There was a temporary significant rise in M/F in Central Europe following Chernobyl.

ABSTRACT

Objective: In all continents, latitude gradients and secular trends have been found in the male-female ratio at birth (M/F: male births divided by total births), which is anticipated to approximate 0.515.

Methods: Annual national data for countries comprising Europe and North America for male and female live births were obtained from the World Health Organisation and analysed with contingency tables.

Accepted: 
01 May, 2017
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e-Published: 18 May, 2017

Disclaimer

Manuscripts that are Published Ahead of Print have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication by the Editorial Board of the West Indian Medical Journal. They may appear in their original format and may not be copy edited or formatted in the style guide of this Journal. While accepted manuscripts are not yet assigned a volume, issue or page numbers, they can be cited using the DOI and date of e-publication. See our Instructions for Authors on how to properly cite manuscripts at this stage. The contents of the manuscript may change before it is published in its final form. Manuscripts in this section will be removed once they have been issued to a volume and issue, but will still retain the DOI and date of e-publication.

Racial Differences in Seasonal Variation in Election and Non-election Years in the Male to Female Ratio at Birth in the United States

DOI: 
10.7727/wimj.2016.204
Synopsis: 
The male-to-female birth ratio varies seasonally. United States births by gender and race (2003-13, n=45138496) were analysed. Seasonality may have been disturbed/reduced in most years due to elections. Black births were unaffected possibly due to chronic, socio-economic stress.

ABSTRACTS

Objective: In humans, male births exceed female births. This ratio is conventionally expressed to M/F and is influenced by a large number of factors, including stress. This study was carried out in order to ascertain whether the known seasonal variation in M/F in the United States (peaking in June) is affected by the quadrennial elections (November), and whether any such influences vary by race.

Accepted: 
15 Jun, 2016
PDF Attachment: 
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e-Published: 29 Jun, 2016

Disclaimer

Manuscripts that are Published Ahead of Print have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication by the Editorial Board of the West Indian Medical Journal. They may appear in their original format and may not be copy edited or formatted in the style guide of this Journal. While accepted manuscripts are not yet assigned a volume, issue or page numbers, they can be cited using the DOI and date of e-publication. See our Instructions for Authors on how to properly cite manuscripts at this stage. The contents of the manuscript may change before it is published in its final form. Manuscripts in this section will be removed once they have been issued to a volume and issue, but will still retain the DOI and date of e-publication.

Seasonal Variation by Race in the Male-to-Female Ratio at Birth in the United States

Issue: 
DOI: 
10.7727/wimj.2015.279
Pages: 
129-33
Synopsis: 
Births by gender and by race for 2003–13 in the United States of America showed more male births in Asians, followed by Whites and American Indian/Alaska Native populations. Significant seasonality was present (with a peak in June) for Whites more than Blacks/African-Americans.

ABSTRACT

Objective: In humans, males’ births exceed females’ births. This ratio is conventionally referred to as M/F and is used to denote male births divided by total births. This ratio is influenced by a large number of factors and has been shown to exhibit seasonality. This study was carried out in order to ascertain whether seasonal variation in M/F exists in the United States of America and whether such variations are influenced by race.

Accepted: 
30 Sep, 2015
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e-Published: 24 Mar, 2016

State and Regional Differences in the Male-to-female Ratio at Birth in the United States, 1995–2012

Issue: 
DOI: 
10.7727/wimj.2014.284
Pages: 
180–4
Synopsis: 
Live male births slightly exceed females (M/F). This ratio is influenced by many factors. This study analysed live births (1995–2012, n = 52 601 559) in the United States of America. Southern states had a higher proportion of Black births and significantly lower M/F. This may be due to chronic stress due to disadvantaged socio-economic conditions.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: In humans, live male births slightly exceed females and this ratio is conventionally expressed as male live births divided by total live births (M/F). A wide variety of factors have been shown to influence M/F including latitude, stress, socio-economic status and race. This study was carried out in order to ascertain whether there are differences in M/F in different states and in different geographical regions in the United States of America (USA).

Accepted: 
29 Oct, 2015
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e-Published: 15 May, 2015

The Male-female Birth Ratio in California and the 1992 April Riots in Los Angeles

Issue: 
DOI: 
10.7727/wimj.2014.338
Pages: 
223–5
Synopsis: 
Stress induces spontaneous abortions that affect male fetuses more than female fetuses. The April 1992 Los Angeles riots constituted six days of civil unrest. This study showed that male births in California State dipped following this event.

ABSTRACT

Accepted: 
23 Mar, 2015
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e-Published: 24 Mar, 2015

The Influence of Migration on Secular Trends in Sex Ratios at Birth in Cuba in the Past Fifty Years

Issue: 
DOI: 
10.7727/wimj.2013.336
Pages: 
368–72
Synopsis: 
This paper highlights a temporal relationship between Cuban migration and male to female live birth ratio (M/F), with M/F dipping in response to the possibility of leaving Cuba, often followed by sharp rises associated with a predominantly male efflux from the country.
ABSTRACT
 
Background: Secular trends have been found in the male-female ratio at birth (M/F: male births divided by total births) in various countries and this ratio is anticipated to approximate 0.515.
Methods: Annual national data for male and female live births in Cuba with contingency tables were obtained from the World Health Organization and analysed.
Revised: 
04 Apr, 2014
Accepted: 
14 Apr, 2014
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Journal Authors: 
e-Published: 05 May, 2014
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